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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained and maintained timber window is a significant part of the historic fabric of a structure. It illustrates in varying degrees the various materials and techniques as well as the craftsmanship and architectural style of the time that it was built in. When possible, repairs should be made in-situ. Repairing the most severe areas of decay can be done with the help of specialized resin-based systems. Durability Timber windows were designed to last hundreds of years. They require regular maintenance to ensure they look good. The most frequently-asked maintenance tasks include sash-cord repairs, re-tightening sash pulleys, and painting. The demand for upgrading timber windows in order to improve efficiency and energy efficiency is also increasing. This could mean replacing old glass units, repairing existing window rebates, or installing new cills to allow the air to seal better. The corrosion of paintwork is a major problem with traditional windows. This is especially important in the case of sash windows, as the gaps between sashes can be quite large. In these cases water can enter the paint film and cause rotting to the wood or putty underneath. The rotting process can be made worse by poor weather conditions. To stop this from happening, windows should be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint. Corroded areas should be repaired using a resin-based product. This will ensure that the greatest amount of the original fabric is preserved. It is also necessary to minimise the number of holes drilled into the frame for cable entry since these could allow water in and cause decay. The wall's structural movement can also lead to distortions in the frame as well as sash. This can result in sash not fitting correctly, jamming or sticking in the opening, and even broken glass. This can be corrected often by fitting new sash frames made of slow-grown deal (pine), or oak. The cill must be made from a sturdy hardwood, like oak, to avoid shifting between the new and old work. To alleviate this issue, there are now several companies that produce Boston pattern sash made of wood that will fit most existing openings. The sash is available in a variety of sizes and finishes to meet the requirements of the modern homeowner. Together with quadruple draught strips and improved thermal insulation, these sashes can make a a substantial difference to the energy efficiency of a home. Aesthetics A lot of old timber frames possess a dazzling aesthetic appeal, since they reflect, in some form, the quality of the wood technology, design, and taste from the time period they were constructed. cambridge windows could have significant historical value in their own right. This is particularly true of early unglazed window openings in timber framed buildings where the great majority were simply a series of openings in the frame, which were divided horizontally into mullions and vertical wood or iron bars to deter intrusions. Traditional timber window joinery can be a stunning feature of a building and is essential to keep it looking good. When you spot any signs of decay due to water penetration it is essential to stop it. This is best accomplished by a thorough painting process, especially in areas in which there is already damage or deterioration. It is recommended to choose paints that are intended to be used in a system (primer undercoat and finish) and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for preparation and number coats at each stage. Wet rot is a common problem in old timber windows and the best method to stop it from growing is to eliminate any damaged or rotten sections as soon as possible to prevent the spread of the fungus that causes it. The replacement of rotting timber should be carefully undertaken by using a slow-growing deal (pine) and, whenever feasible using the same species as that which is being removed to avoid differential movement between the new section and the existing timbers. Glass became less expensive and more abundant during the late medieval period and into the 17th century. As a result, glazed openings on timber-framed houses became more complicated with moulded mullions, tracery made of wood and deep cills projecting into the air. In recent years, glazing was fixed into frames that were rebated with glazing sprigs instead of lead cames. This method of glazing not only makes the windows less likely to leak and also allows more clear glass sheets to be used than would have been possible otherwise without the use of leaded lights. Energy efficiency The traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness and multilayer construction as well as care for particulars. They also feature large glass areas as well as deep projecting cills that minimise air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draught proofing, windows can be upgraded to improve their energy efficiency. It is essential to keep in mind that these measures must be considered in relation to the overall integrity and appearance of the original windows. So, retaining the existing windows from the past that require repair rather than replacing them makes sense particularly when thermal enhancements can be achieved inexpensively with simple repairs and upgrades. Historic windows are often of historical value, as they show a range in technical development and changes to the architectural style. Most people assume that these windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, many of them are still in service for 150,200, and even 250 years with proper maintenance. It is essential to understand that the decay issues that are associated with traditional timber windows can be avoided by regular maintenance and timely repairs. It is also essential to identify damp problems and fix them quickly to avoid major damage. Early deterioration of paint is a major problem since it allows moisture penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. This damage is often not evident until the paintwork becomes wavy or cracked, but can cause significant structural damage and can lead to further decay. A good quality paint will stop this moisture from entering. It is also necessary to keep the paintwork spotless in order to prevent condensation and mould growth. The use of modern synthetic paints could be a problem, as they are often designed to be water-resistant which can result in the formation of mildew in the window frame. The majority of older windows were made from timber that contained a high proportion of sapwood. The timbers will deteriorate rapidly if exposed to rain, but they can be protected by an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is essential to select the appropriate type of wood for the location and climate, as these factors can affect the longevity of the joinery. Local window manufacturers make a range of sash made of timber that can be tailored to fit specific historic openings. They can be made according to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to specific dimensions that are compatible with the historic architecture. Maintenance Regular inspections as well as careful redecoration and quick repairs can prolong the life of wooden windows. The main reason for decay is moisture intrusion through the deterioration of paint and putty. This can be avoided with thorough painting and the use of an excellent wood preservative. Repairs to sash windows that are old and frameless casement windows must be done with care and with the least amount of disruption. It is possible to repair several traditional designs of timber windows without taking the frame off. This should be done whenever possible. Remove any peeling or loose paint and lightly sand the area to improve the “key” of the surface. This will enable the new coating to stick better. It is crucial to avoid removing old paint layers that could have historical significance. When a section of wood is decayed the best option is to take it off and replace it with timber inserts designed to match existing profiles. The wood that is being inserted should be treated with a wood preservative, and the junction between the timber cill and masonry sub-cill should be sealed. Replacement of traditional windows with PVC-u is a tempting option, especially when the installer offers a “one-stop shop” installation that handles removal and replacement in one day. It is crucial that the person who installs replacement windows has a complete understanding of the construction and history of traditional timber frames. This will enable them to make the appropriate recommendations for energy efficiency improvements as well as other technological advancements that won't harm the character of a building that is historic. Window replacements should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme such as FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are deemed to be approved by the Building Regulations as a suitable option. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u windows that are suited to the original building's style. This is especially true when windows are installed in listed buildings or conservation areas.